Stock Status and Conservation Information
(From ISC17 Plenary Report)

Western and Central North Pacific Striped Marlin

The most recent Striped Marlin (MLS) stock assessment was conducted in 2015 and the ISC Plenary endorsed the stock status and conservation information adopted at ISC16 (see pp. 53-55 in the ISC16 Plenary Report), which is reproduced here with slight clarifying modifications.

Stock Status

Estimates of population biomass of the WCNPO MLS exhibit a long-term decline. Population biomass (age-1 and older) averaged roughly 20,513 t, or 46% of unfished biomass during 1975-1979, the first 5 years of the assessment time frame, and declined to 6,819 t, or 15% of unfished biomass in 2013. Spawning stock biomass is estimated to be 1,094 t in 2013 (39% of SSB_MSY, the spawning stock biomass to produce MSY). Fishing mortality on the stock (average F on ages 3 and older) is currently high and averaged roughly F = 0.94 during 2010-2012, or 49% above F_MSY. The predicted value of the spawning potential ratio (SPR, the predicted spawning output at current F as a fraction of unfished spawning output) is currently SPR_2010-2012 = 12% ,which is 33% below the level of SPR required to produce MSY. Recruitment averaged about 308,000 recruits during 1994-2011, which was 25% below the 1975-2013 average. No target or limit reference points have been established for the WCNPO striped marlin stock under the auspices of the WCPFC.

The WCNPO MLS stock is expected to be highly productive due to its rapid growth and high resilience to reductions in spawning potential. The status of the stock is highly dependent on the magnitude of recruitment, which has been below its long-term average since 2007, with the exception of 2010. Changes in recent size composition data in comparison to the previous assessment resulted in changes in fishery selectivity estimates and also affected recruitment estimates. These changes, in turn, affected the scaling of biomass and fishing mortality to reference levels.

When the status of MLS is evaluated relative to MSY-based reference points, the 2013 spawning stock biomass is 61% below SSB_MSY (2819 t) and the 2010-2012 fishing mortality exceeds F_MSY by 49%. Therefore, overfishing is occurring relative to MSY-based reference points and the WCNPO MLS stock is overfished.

Conservation Information

The stock has been experiencing overfishing since 1977, with the exception of 1982 and 1983, and fishing appears to be impeding rebuilding, especially if recent (2007-2011) low recruitment levels persist. Projection results show that fishing at F_MSY could lead to median spawning biomass increases of 25%, 55%, and 95% from 2015 to 2020 under the recent recruitment, medium-term recruitment, and stock recruitment-curve scenarios. Fishing at a constant catch of 2,850 t could lead to potential increases in spawning biomass of 19% to over 191% by 2020, depending upon the recruitment scenario. In comparison, fishing at the 2010-2012 fishing mortality rate, which is 49% above F_MSY, could lead to changes in spawning stock biomass of -18% to +18% by 2020, while fishing at the average 2001-2003 fishing mortality rate (F_2001-2003=1.15), which is 82% above F_MSY, could lead to spawning stock biomass decreases of -32% to -9% by 2020, depending upon the recruitment scenario.